bilibili-API-collect/docs/misc/sign/bili_ticket.md

# BiliTicket

## 简述

`bili_ticket` 位于请求头 Cookie 中, 非必需, 但存在可降低风控概率

由 [@aynuarance](https://github.com/aynuarance) 于 [#903](https://github.com/SocialSisterYi/bilibili-API-collect/issues/903) 提供的思路，根据时间戳使用 `hmac_sha256` 算法计算 `hexsign`。

是 [JWT 令牌](https://jwt.io/)，有效时长为 259260 秒，即 3 天。
例如 `eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6InMwMyIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJleHAiOjE3MDI3NDI3NDYsImlhdCI6MTcwMjQ4MzQ4NiwicGx0IjotMX0.xQgtTAc41NA1gzvd9yKUPgucUy_DKcQj6OG1vj8V7ZA`

```json
{
  "alg": "HS256",
  "kid": "s03",
  "typ": "JWT"
}
```

## 算法

1. 获取 UNIX 秒级时间戳存入变量如 `timestamp`
2. 计算变量 `hexsign` 值，使用 `hmac_sha256` 算法，密钥为 `XgwSnGZ1p`，消息为字符串 `"ts"` 与变量 `timestamp` 值拼接
3. 构造请求参数，`key_id` 为 `ec02`，`hexsign` 为变量 `hexsign` 值，`context[ts]` 为变量 `timestamp` 值，`csrf` 为 cookie 中的 `bili_jct` 值也可为空
4. 发送 `POST` 请求，获取 `data` 字段中的 `ticket` 字段的值即为所求

## 接口

> https://api.bilibili.com/bapis/bilibili.api.ticket.v1.Ticket/GenWebTicket

*请求方式: POST*

鉴权方式: 请求头 `Referer` 为空或 `.bilibili.com` 子域下任意页

**URL参数:**

| 参数名 | 类型 | 内容 | 必要性 | 备注 |
| ----- | ---- | ---- | ------ | ---- |
| key_id | str | ec02 | 必要 |      |
| hexsign | str | 由 `hmac_sha256` 算法计算的 `hexsign` 值 | 必要 |      |
| context[ts] | num | UNIX 秒级时间戳 | 必要 |      |
| csrf | str | cookie 中的 `bili_jct` 值 | 非必要 |      |

**JSON回复:**

根对象:

| 字段 | 类型 | 内容 | 备注 |
| ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| code | num | 返回值 | 0: 成功<br />400: 参数错误 |
| message | str | 返回消息 | OK: 成功 |
| data | obj | 数据本体 | |
| ttl | num | 1 |  |

`data` 对象:

| 字段 | 类型 | 内容 | 备注 |
| ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| ticket | str | bili_ticket | |
| created_at | num | 创建时间 | UNIX 秒级时间戳 |
| ttl | num | 有效时长 | 259200 秒 (3 天) |
| context | obj | 空 |  |
| nav | obj | wbi_img 相关 | 参见 [WBI 签名](./wbi.md) |

`nav` 对象:

| 字段 | 类型 | 内容 | 备注 |
| ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| img | str | img_key 值 | 参见 [WBI 签名](./wbi.md) |
| sub | str | sub_key 值 | 参见 [WBI 签名](./wbi.md) |

**示例:**

<details>
<summary>查看响应示例:</summary>

```json
{
  "code": 0,
  "message": "OK",
  "data": {
    "ticket": "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6InMwMyIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJleHAiOjE3MjM2OTMwODAsImlhdCI6MTcyMzQzMzgyMCwicGx0IjotMX0.efOwv7i4m0ykABrXEDHGAechU2AByMcP_-3EYpQrNKs",
    "created_at": 1723433820,
    "ttl": 259200,
    "context": {},
    "nav": {
      "img": "https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/wbi/7cd084941338484aae1ad9425b84077c.png",
      "sub": "https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/wbi/4932caff0ff746eab6f01bf08b70ac45.png"
    }
  },
  "ttl": 1
}
```

</details>

## Demo

此处提供 [Python](#python), [Java](#java), [JavaScript (Node.js)](#javascript-nodejs) 的示例代码

### Python

需要 `requests` 依赖

```python
import hmac
import hashlib
import requests
import time

def hmac_sha256(key, message):
    """
    使用HMAC-SHA256算法对给定的消息进行加密
    :param key: 密钥
    :param message: 要加密的消息
    :return: 加密后的哈希值
    """
    # 将密钥和消息转换为字节串
    key = key.encode('utf-8')
    message = message.encode('utf-8')

    # 创建HMAC对象，使用SHA256哈希算法
    hmac_obj = hmac.new(key, message, hashlib.sha256)

    # 计算哈希值
    hash_value = hmac_obj.digest()

    # 将哈希值转换为十六进制字符串
    hash_hex = hash_value.hex()

    return hash_hex


if __name__ == '__main__':
    o = hmac_sha256("XgwSnGZ1p",f"ts{int(time.time())}")
    url = "https://api.bilibili.com/bapis/bilibili.api.ticket.v1.Ticket/GenWebTicket"
    params = {
        "key_id":"ec02",
        "hexsign":o,
        "context[ts]":f"{int(time.time())}",
        "csrf": ''
    }

    headers = {
            'user-agent': "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/120.0.0.0"
        }
    resp = requests.post(url, params=params,headers=headers).json()
    print(resp)
```

### Java

无需第三方依赖

```java
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URI;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

import javax.crypto.Mac;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;

public class BiliTicketDemo {

    /**
     * Convert a byte array to a hex string.
     * 
     * @param bytes The byte array to convert.
     * @return The hex string representation of the given byte array.
     */
    public static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes) {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (byte b : bytes) {
            String hex = Integer.toHexString(0xff & b);
            if (hex.length() == 1) {
                sb.append('0');
            }
            sb.append(hex);
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    /**
     * Generate a HMAC-SHA256 hash of the given message string using the given key
     * string.
     * 
     * @param key     The key string to use for the HMAC-SHA256 hash.
     * @param message The message string to hash.
     * @throws Exception If an error occurs during the HMAC-SHA256 hash generation.
     * @return The HMAC-SHA256 hash of the given message string using the given key
     *         string.
     */
    public static String hmacSha256(String key, String message) throws Exception {
        Mac mac = Mac.getInstance("HmacSHA256");
        SecretKeySpec secretKeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(key.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), "HmacSHA256");
        mac.init(secretKeySpec);
        byte[] hash = mac.doFinal(message.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        return bytesToHex(hash);
    }

    /**
     * Get a Bilibili web ticket for the given CSRF token.
     * 
     * @param csrf The CSRF token to use for the web ticket, can be {@code null} or
     *             empty.
     * @return The Bilibili web ticket raw response for the given CSRF token.
     * @throws Exception If an error occurs during the web ticket generation.
     * @see https://github.com/SocialSisterYi/bilibili-API-collect/blob/master/docs/misc/sign/bili_ticket.md
     */
    public static String getBiliTicket(String csrf) throws Exception {
        // params
        long ts = System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000;
        String hexSign = hmacSha256("XgwSnGZ1p", "ts" + ts);
        StringBuilder url = new StringBuilder(
                "https://api.bilibili.com/bapis/bilibili.api.ticket.v1.Ticket/GenWebTicket");
        url.append('?');
        url.append("key_id=ec02").append('&');
        url.append("hexsign=").append(hexSign).append('&');
        url.append("context[ts]=").append(ts).append('&');
        url.append("csrf=").append(csrf == null ? "" : csrf);
        // request
        HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) new URI(url.toString()).toURL().openConnection();
        conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
        conn.addRequestProperty("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:109.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/115.0");
        InputStream in = conn.getInputStream();
        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        int b;
        while ((b = in.read()) != -1) {
            out.write(b);
        }
        return new String(out.toByteArray(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
    }

    /**
     * Main method to test the BiliTicketDemo class.
     * 
     * @param args The command line arguments (not used).
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            System.out.println(getBiliTicket("")); // use empty CSRF here
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

}
```

### JavaScript (Node.js)

```javascript
const crypto = require('crypto');

/**
 * Generate HMAC-SHA256 signature
 * @param {string} key     The key string to use for the HMAC-SHA256 hash
 * @param {string} message The message string to hash
 * @returns {string} The HMAC-SHA256 signature as a hex string
 */
function hmacSha256(key, message) {
    const hmac = crypto.createHmac('sha256', key);
    hmac.update(message);
    return hmac.digest('hex');
}

/**
 * Get Bilibili web ticket
 * @param {string} csrf    CSRF token, can be empty or null
 * @returns {Promise<any>} Promise of the ticket response in JSON format
 */
async function getBiliTicket(csrf) {
    const ts = Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000);
    const hexSign = hmacSha256('XgwSnGZ1p', `ts${ts}`);
    const url = 'https://api.bilibili.com/bapis/bilibili.api.ticket.v1.Ticket/GenWebTicket';
    const params = new URLSearchParams({
        key_id: 'ec02',
        hexsign: hexSign,
        'context[ts]': ts,
        csrf: csrf || ''
    });
    const response = await fetch(`${url}?${params.toString()}`, {
        method: 'POST',
        headers: {
            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:109.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/115.0'
        }
    });
    if (!response.ok) {
        throw new Error(`HTTP error! status: ${response.status}`);
    }
    return response.json();
}

(async () => {
    try {
        const ticketResponse = await getBiliTicket(''); // use empty CSRF here
        console.log(ticketResponse);
    } catch (e) {
        console.error('Failed to get BiliTicket:', e);
    }
})();
```